 |
Indication & Dosage |
| |
| |
| Oral |
| CHRONIC BRONCHOSPASM |
| Child:
>3 yr: As modified-release hydrate: 12 mg/kg daily increased to 24 mg/kg daily in 2 divided doses after 1 wk. |
| |
| Oral |
| CHRONIC BRONCHOSPASM |
| Adult:
As hydrate: Initially, 225-450 mg bid, increased if necessary. Elderly: Dose reduction may be ncessary. |
| |
| Intravenous |
| ACUTE SEVERE BRONCHOSPASM |
| Adult:
Loading dose: 5 mg/kg (ideal body weight) or 250-500 mg (25 mg/ml) by slow inj or infusion over 20-30 min. Maintenance infusion dose: 0.5 mg/kg/hr. Max rate: 25 mg/min. Elderly: Dose reduction may be ncessary.
Reduce maintenance dose in patients with cor pulmonale or heart failure. Increase maintenance dose for smokers. |
| |
| Intravenous |
| ACUTE SEVERE BRONCHOSPASM |
| Child:
Loading dose: same as adult dose. Maintenance dose: 6 mth-9 yr: 1 mg/kg/hr and 10-16 yr: 0.8 mg/kg/hr. |
|
| |
|
| Administration |
Should be taken on an empty stomach (i.e. At least one hour before food or four hours after food). (Take on an empty stomach at least 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals.) |
| |
|
| Precautions |
Neonates, elderly, lactation, pregnancy, cardiac/hepatic diseases, peptic ulceration, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, epilepsy, heart failure, chronic alcoholism, acute febrile illness. |
| |
|
Potentially Life-threatening
Adverse Drug Reactions |
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, headache, insomnia, dizziness, anxiety, restlessness; tremor, palpitations. |
| |
|
| Adverse Drug Reactions |
Convulsions, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension and sudden death after too rapid IV injection. |
| |
|
| Interactions |
Other xanthines. Clearance reduced by allopurinol, some antiarrhythmics, cimetidine, disulfiram, fluvoxamine, interferon-α, macrolide antibiotics, quinolones, oral contraceptives, thiabendazole and viloxazine. Clearance increased by phenytoin, anticonvulsants, ritonavir, rifampicin, sulfinpyrazone, cigarette smoking. Corticosteroids, diuretics, β2-agonists. |
| |
|
|
|
