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Indication & Dosage |
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| Intravenous |
| TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS |
| Adult:
150-300 mcg by slow inj over 10-15 min. Max: 750 mcg over 24 hr |
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| Intravenous |
| TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS |
| Child:
2–18 yr: 2–6 mcg/kg as a single dose. Max: 300 mcg. |
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| Oral |
| PROPHYLAXIS OF MIGRAINE |
| Adult:
50 mcg bid increased to 75 mcg bid if no remission after 2 wk. |
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| Oral |
| TREATMENT OF MENOPAUSAL FLUSHING |
| Adult:
50 mcg bid increased to 75 mcg bid if no remission after 2 wk |
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| Oral |
| TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION |
| Child:
2–18 yr: Initially 0.5–1 mcg/kg tid, increase gradually if necessary. Max: 25 mcg/kg daily in divided doses (not exceeding 1.2 mg daily). |
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| Oral |
| TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION |
| Adult:
Initially, 50-100 mcg tid. As modified-release preparation: 50-100 mcg once or twice daily. Max: 2400 mcg daily |
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| Transdermal |
| TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION |
| Child:
Apply a patch once wkly, delivering 100-300 mcg of clonidine base daily at a constant rate. |
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| Epidural |
| MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE CANCER PAIN |
| Adult:
Initially, 30 mcg/hr as continuous infusion in combination with an opioid, adjusted according to patient's response. |
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| Administration |
May be taken with or without food. |
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| Precautions |
Withdraw gradually, renal impairment, tasks that require mental alertness. Cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, MI. IV inj should be administered slowly. Occlusive peripheral vascular disorders, history of depression. |
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Potentially Life-threatening
Adverse Drug Reactions |
Dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, constipation, impotence, vivid dreams, urinary retention; dry, itching, burning sensation in the eye; fluid or electrolyte imbalance, GI upset, paralytic ileus, orthostatic hypotension, weakness, sedation, pruritus, myalgia, urticaria, nausea, insomnia, arrhythmias, agitation. Reduced GI motility at times may cause paralytic ileus. |
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| Adverse Drug Reactions |
Transient hypertension or profound hypotension, respiratory depression, convulsion. Clonidine withdrawal syndrome could be life threatening. Bradycardia, coma and disturbances in conduction (in individuals with preexisting diseases of SA/AV nodes, overdose or on digitalis). |
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| Interactions |
Hypnosedatives, antihistamines and alcohol may cause excessive drowsiness in patients on clonidine. Withdrawal of clonidine in patients receiving noncardioselective b-blockers may result in rebound BP. Acute severe hypotension following concomitant administration of clonidine and chlorpromazine or haloperidol. Hypotensive action may be potentiated by diuretics and vasodilators. Effects of clonidine antagonised by TCAs and centrally-acting alpha-blockers. May enhance toxicity due to digitalis, lithium. May antagonise oral hypoglycaemics. |
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