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Indication & Dosage |
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| Intravenous |
| INDUCTION OF ANAESTHESIA |
| Adult:
1-4.5 mg/kg as IV inj. Surgical anaesthesia is produced within 30 sec of the end of inj. Usual dose to produce 5-10 minutes of anaesthesia: 2 mg/kg over 60 seconds. Alternatively, 1-2 mg/kg infuse at 0.5 mg/kg/minute; may use with diazepam to prevent emergence reactions. |
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| Intravenous |
| INDUCTION OF ANAESTHESIA |
| Child:
1-4.5 mg/kg as IV Inj. Surgical anaesthesia is produced within 30 sec of the end of inj and lasts for 5-10 min if 2 mg/kg is given over 60 sec. Alternatively, 0.5-2 mg/kg as IV infusion. Maintenance: Achieve with 10-45 mcg/kg/min; titrate infusion rate according to response. |
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| Intramuscular |
| INDUCTION OF ANAESTHESIA |
| Adult:
1-4.5 mg/kg as IV inj. Surgical anaesthesia is produced within 30 sec of the end of inj. Usual dose to produce 5-10 minutes of anaesthesia: 2 mg/kg over 60 seconds. Alternatively, 1-2 mg/kg infuse at 0.5 mg/kg/minute; may use with diazepam to prevent emergence reactions. |
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| Precautions |
Minimise verbal and tactile stimulation during recovery period. Chronic alcoholic and alcohol-intoxicated patients. Preanaesthetic elevated CSF pressure. Dependence and tolerance may develop. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. Monitor cardiac function in patients with hypertension or cardiac decompensation. Pregnancy and lactation. |
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| Adverse Drug Reactions |
Emergence reactions e.g. vivid dreams, hallucinations, confusion, irrational behaviour. Increased muscle tone sometimes resembling seizures. Temporary hypertension and tachycardia. Hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias. Respiratory depression, apnoea, laryngospasm, diplopia, nystagmus, nausea, vomiting, lachrymation, hypersalivation, raised intraocular and CSF pressure, skin rash and pain at inj site. |
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| Interactions |
May increase effects of nondepolarising muscle relaxants. May reduce hypnotic effect of thiopental. Prolonged recovery time with barbiturates/narcotics. Reduced cardiac output, BP and pulse rate with halothane. Increased risk of hypertension and tachycardia with thuyroid hormones. Seizures and tachycardia may occur when used with theophyllines. |
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