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Indication & Dosage |
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| Oral |
| NOCARDIOSIS |
| Adult:
4-8 g daily for at least 6 wk. May continue for many mth to prevent relapse of infection. |
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| Oral |
| PROPHYLAXIS OF RHEUMATIC FEVER IN CHILDREN |
| Child:
<30 kg: 0.5 g every 24 hr; >30 kg: 1 g/day. |
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| Oral |
| PROPHYLAXIS OF RHEUMATIC FEVER IN CHILDREN |
| Adult:
<30 kg: 0.5 g every 24 hr; >30 kg: 1 g/day. |
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| Oral |
| INFECTIONS CAUSED BY SUSCEPTIBLE PATHOGENS |
| Child:
Start with 75 mg/kg, subsequently, 150 mg/kg in divided doses. Max: 6 g/day. |
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| Oral |
| INFECTIONS CAUSED BY SUSCEPTIBLE PATHOGENS |
| Adult:
Initially, 2-4 g/day. May increase up to 6 g/day, given in divided doses. |
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| Oral |
| PROPHYLAXIS OF MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIONS |
| Adult:
1 g bid for 2 days. |
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| Oral |
| PROPHYLAXIS OF MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIONS |
| Child:
2-12 mth: 500 mg once daily for 2 days; 1-12 yr: 500 mg bid for 2 days. |
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| Oral |
| TOXOPLASMOSIS |
| Adult:
Including immunocompromised patients: 4-6 g/day in 4 divided doses for at least 6 wk. Subsequently, 2-4 g/day, to be continued indefinitely. |
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| Oral |
| TOXOPLASMOSIS |
| Child:
For congenital toxoplasmosis: <2 mth: 50 mg/kg bid for 12 mth. |
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| Oral |
| PREVENTION OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION |
| Adult:
0.5-1 g every 6 hr, to be taken with oral pyrimethamine (25-50 mg daily) and oral leucovorin (10-25 mg/day). |
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| Oral |
| PREVENTION OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION |
| Child:
85-120 mg/kg/day, given in 2-4 divided doses with oral pyrimethamine (1 mg/kg/day; max: 25 mg/day) and oral leucovorin (5 mg once every 3 days). |
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| Precautions |
Elderly, maintain adequate fluid intake to reduce risk of crystalluria, G6PD deficiency, AIDS. Renal/hepatic impairment, history of allergy or asthma. Discontinue treatment if patient develops rash. Conduct CBC and urinalyses using microscopic examination during prolonged therapy. May exacerbate lupus erythematosus. Infants <2 mth. |
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Potentially Life-threatening
Adverse Drug Reactions |
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhoea. Hypersensitivity, skin reactions; lumbar pain, haematuria, oliguria, anuria, crystallisation in urine, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, eosinophilia, neonatal jaundice and kernicterus. |
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| Adverse Drug Reactions |
Stevens-Johnson syndrome; agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, jaundice in newborn. |
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| Interactions |
Potentiates antidiabetic effect of sulphonylureas. Action antagonised by PABA and procaine group of local anaesthetics. Potentiates oral anticoagulants, methotrexate and phenytoin. May decrease serum levels of ciclosporin. Ascorbic acid and hexamine may increase risk of crystalluria. |
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